Hematological changes in peripheral blood of patient with covid-19 infection reported in Mongolia / Эрүүл мэндийн лаборатори

Introduction@#According to CDC guideline, common changes in patient admitted due to pneumonia caused by COVID-19 are lymphopenia (63%), leukocytosis (24-30%), leukopenia (19-25%). Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), thrombocyte-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are important to evaluate prognosis of infectious diseases as well as cancer. </br> Hematological tests are important for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patient with COVID-19. Our study objective was to determine the changes of leukocyte, lymphocyte, thrombocyte, NLR, LMR, and PLR in imported cases of COVID-19 into Mongolia.@*Method@#The data such as age, gender, and laboratory test of a total of 249 cases who admitted to National Center forCommuncable Diseases (NCCD) from March 11 to July 20, 2020 was collected from information system of clinical laboratory of NCCD. Peripheral blood tests were conducted by XN 550 which is fully automated hematological analizator of Sysmex corporation, Japan. Statistical analysis such as mean, standard deviation, probability range was done by Microsoft Excel SPSS -25 program.@*Result@#Regarding to gender, 163 (66.5%) were male and 86 (34.5%) were female. Mean age was 26 with range age of 11-80. Statistic analysis on leukocyte (mean 6.38 x 10⁹/L; P <0.000), thrombocyte (mean 283 x 10⁹/L P <0.000), neutrophil (mean 3.33 x 10⁹L; P <0.000), lymphocyte {mean 2.3 x 10⁹/L; P <0.000), NLR (mean 1.6, P <0.000), PLR parameter (mean 141.8 P <0.000> were revealed. Leukopenia (<3.98) were in 17 (6.8%), leukocytosis (>10.0) were in 11 (4.4%) cases. Lymphopenia (<1.18) were in 14 (5.6%), lymphocytosis (>3.74) were in 14 (5.6%) cases. Thrombocytosis (>369) were in 21 (8,4%), thrombocytopenia (<163) were in 4(1.6%) cases. Neutropenia (<1.56) were in 14 (5.6%) neutrophilia (>6.13) were in 15 (6%). The rest 220 (88.3%) cases have been determined no changes. PLR were 141.8 ±88.6, NLR were in 1.29 ±1.26 in 249 cases. Increased NLR and decreased PLR were in 10 (4.0%) and 114 (45.7%); increased PLR and decreased PLR in 31 (12.4%) and 28 (11.2%), respectively.@*Discussion@#Our result which is leukocytosis in 4.4%, leukopenia in 6.8%, lymphopenia in 5.6% of all imported eases ol"CO\ 1D-W. are similar to other studies. However, percentage of changes were lower than similar studies due to low rate of severe cases. It suggests, further studies clinical stages and severity of the infection need to be conducted.

Estimation and comparison of thrombocyte count by peripheral blood smear method and automated method in women with pregnancy

Background: Thrombocyte is important and very essential component of blood and have significant role in maintenance of hemostasis. Thrombocyte count is an important investigation done in various acquired and congenital coagulable states which include conditions like pregnancy. Thrombocyte count is routinely done by automated hematology analyzer method. The automated hematology analyzer counters are not usually available at all centres especially in peripheral and rural side though thrombocytes can also be assessed from the peripheral blood smears, which can be easily and precisely done at any set up. Aim and objective of this study was to compare the thrombocyte estimation by peripheral blood smear method and automated hematology analyzer in pregnant women.Methods: Thrombocyte estimation was done from samples taken from 120 normal pregnant women between December 2018 to March 2019, where samples were Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated. Thrombocyte was counted manually using PBS (Leishman stain) and hematology analyzer (Sysmex XN1000 series). Thrombocyte counts were expressed in Mean and standard Deviation. Statistical analysis was done by student’s t test using MS excel and SPSS version 17.Results: Thrombocyte count by PBS have mean value of 2.04 lacs/mm3 with standard deviation of 0.56 lacs/mm3 and by automated method have mean value of 1.89 lacs/mm3 and standard deviation of 0.71 lacs/mm3 with p value 0.010. Thus, there was no statistically significant difference found between two methods.Conclusions: Estimation of thrombocyte count on the basis of manual thrombocyte count is a reliable technique and can be used to validate automated thrombocyte counts. It can also be used in under resourced laboratories, where there are no automated counters of good precision available. In fact, all the tests showing abnormal thrombocyte counts must be reported only after cross examining on PBS.

Association between thrombocyte and neutrophyl count with cutaneous manifestations in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelocytic leukemia

Background: Acute leukemia is a hematopoietic stem cell malignant disease, with abnormal proliferation of leukemic and immature cells that suppress the production of normal blood cell and extensively invade peripheral tissues organs including skin. Homeostatic abnormalities that occur in leukemia e.g. thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Various cutaneous manifestations can be observed in leukemia but the etiology is usually unknown, because many factors are responsible for this cutaneous manifestation. The aim of the present study was to determine association between thrombocyte and neutrophyl count with cutaneous manifestations in children with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML).Methods: This is an observational analytical cross-sectional study involving 51 children with acute leukemia (ALL and AML) were hospitalized in H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan during April – September 2018. Interview, dermatology examination and recording thrombocyte and neutrophil count were performed to the subjects. Differences between thrombocyte and neutrophyl count with cutaneous manifestations were analyzed using Mann Whitney test. Association between thrombocyte and neutrophyl count with cutaneous manifestations were analyzed using Kolmogorov Smirnov test.Results: Children with Acute Leukemia in this study most of them were girls (51.0%), age between 0 - 5years old (39.2%). There were no significant differences between thrombocyte and neutrophyl count with cutaneous manifestations in children with acute leukemia (p value 0.692 and 0.814). There was no significant association between thrombocyte and neutrophyl count with cutaneous manifestations in children with acute leukemia (p value 0.490 and 0.803).Conclusions: There is no significant association between thrombocyte and neutrophyl count with cutaneous manifestations in children with acute leukemia.

Trombinol, a bioactive fraction of Psidium guajava, stimulates thrombopoietin expression in HepG2 cells

Objective To study the regulation of trombinol on thrombopoietin, an essential regulator of thrombocyte production. Methods Effect of trombinol on thrombopoietin regulation was evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. The mRNA expressions were revealed by PCR and real-time PCR, while the protein expressions were analyzed using western blotting and human ELISA kit. Statistical differences between the test were determined by student's t-test with P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Trombinol significantly increased the expression of thrombopoietin at the level of mRNA and protein secretion in HepG2 cell lines. Trombinol with the concentration of 15 μg/mL, positively induces 2.5-fold of thrombopoietin expression. Up-regulation of GABP, a transcription factor of thrombopoietin, is suggested to be involved in cellular regulatory mechanisms of trombinol. Here, our result shows convincing evidence that trombinol affects the thrombopoietin productions in vitro. This molecular explanation of thrombopoietin's stimulating function is in line with the traditional use of Psidium guajava for treatment of diseases involving thrombocytopenia. Conclusions Thrombopoietin stimulating function of trombinol could be potentially considered as one of alternative treatment for thrombocytopenia-related cases, including post chemotherapy shock, dengue fever and liver failure.

Trombinol, a bioactive fraction of Psidium guajava, stimulates thrombopoietin expression in HepG2 cells

Objective:To study the regulation of trombinol on thrombopoietin,an essential regulator of thrombocyte production.Methods:Effect of trombinol on thrombopoietin regulation was evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.The mRNA expressions were revealed by PCR and real-time PCR,while the protein expressions were analyzed using western blotting and human ELISA kit.Statistical differences between the test were determined by student's t-test with P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Trombinol significantly increased the expression of thrombopoietin at the level of mRNA and protein secretion in HepG2 cell lines.Trombinol with the concentration of 15 μg/mL,positively induces 2.5-fold of thrombopoietin expression.Up-regulation of GABP,a transcription factor of thrombopoietin,is suggested to be involved in cellular regulatory mechanisms of trombinol.Here,our result shows convincing evidence that trombinol affects the thrombopoietin productions in vitro.This molecular explanation of thrombopoietin's stimulating function is in line with the traditional use of Psidium guajava for treatment of diseases involving thrombocytopenia.Conclusions:Thrombopoietin stimulating function of trombinol could be potentially considered as one of alternative treatment for thrombocytopenia-related cases,including post chemotherapy shock,dengue fever and liver failure.

Study on role of Fas/FasL in pathogenesis of primary immune thrombocytopenia / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the role of Fas and FasL system in the pathogenesis of adult primary immune thrombocyto‐penic purpura (ITP) .Methods The peripheral anticoagulant venous blood samples were collected from the patients with newly di‐agnosed ITP and healthy adults .The expression rates of Fas and FasL in Th/Tc ,Th1/Th2 ,Tc1/Tc2 cells and their expression rates at platelet surface were detected by flow cytometry .Results The Fas and FasL expression rates on the surface of Th ,Th1 ,Th2 , Tc ,Tc1 and Tc2 in the ITP group were increased compared with the healthy control group(P0 .05) .Conclusion The Fas and FasL expression on T cell subsets and platelet surface in ITP patients is abnormal , which may be related with the pathogenesis of ITP .

Progress and application of podoplanin's biological functions / 肿瘤研究与临床

Podoplanin (PDPN), being mucin-like transmembrane sialoglycoprotein, is expressed on lymphatic endothelial cells, with its significant role in the development of inflammation, separation of blood and lymphatic circulation, platelet aggregation, integrity of the renal filtration barrier and alveolar. In recent years, many researches have demonstrated that PDPN is overexpressed on the surface of some tumor cells. The interaction between PDPN and CLEC-2 plays an important role in the development of tumor growth, migration and transfer, therefore, anti-PDPN antibody offers a new direction for the treatment of tumor patients. This paper aims at reviewing the progress and application prospect of PDPN.

Thrombocyte indices in dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum / Índices de trombocitos en perros infectados con Ehrlichia canis y Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Objective. In the present study alterations in trombocyte numbers and trombocyte indices were investigated in 51 dogs naturally infected with E. canis and/or A. phagocytophilum. Achieved results were compared to those of 20 healty dogs comprising control group. Materials and methods. Naturally occuring vector borne diseases were diagnosed by use of a canine point-of-care ELISA kit (Snap 4Dx, Idexx). Dogs were enrolled into 3 groups as follows; II. group involved A. phagocytophilum infected dogs (n=10), III. group (n=13) E. canis+ A. phagocytophilum co-infected, and IV. group (n=28) E. canis infected dogs. Healthy controls (n=20) were enrolled in group I. Results. Mean PLT counts were significantly decreased in II., III. and IV. groups (159.6±63.5, 142.3±44.3, 148.7±33.5, respectively) in comparison to control group (370.4±28.6) (p≤0.01). Mean PCT values in groups II., III. and IV. (0.1530±0.590, 0.1531±0.0441, 0.1450±0.314, respectively) were significantly decreased in contrast to control group (0.3695±0.0283) (p≤0.01). Between PLT and PCT values, statistically significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) (r=0.988, 0.990 and 0.981, respectively) was evident among groups II., III. and IV. Conclusions. Infected dogs showed significant alterations (p≤0.01) among mean PLT and PCT values and a positive correlation was evident between those 2 parameters (p≤0.01), whereas alterations on mean MPV and PDWc were not statistically significant. Finally it was suggested that according to the aforimentioned results, PLT and PCT values may be used as valuable parameters for diagnosis and probably for monitorization and prognosis in infected dogs with Ehrlichiosis and/or Anaplasmosis.

Objetivo. Comparar las alteraciones en el número de trombocitos y en los índices de trombocitos en perros infectados naturalmente con E. canis y A. phagocytophilum. Materiales y métodos. Los perros fueron distribuidos en cuatro grupos: Grupo I; perros sanos (n=20), Grupo II; perros infectados con A. phagocytophilum (n=10), Grupo III; perros infectados con E. canis + A. phagocytophilum (n=13) y grupo IV; perros infectados con E. Canis (n=28). Resultados. Los recuentos de PLT se redujeron significativamente (p≤0.01) en los grupos II, III y IV (159.6±63.5, 142.3±44.3, 148.7±33.5, respectivamente) en comparación con el grupo control (370.4±28.6). La media de los valores de PCT en los grupos II, III y IV fue de 0.1530±0.590, 0.1531±0.0441 y 0.1450±0.314 respectivamente, cuyas reducciones fueron significativas (p≤0.01) en contraste con el grupo control (0.3695±0.0283). Entre los valores de PLT y el PCT la correlación fue positiva (r =0.988) y significativa (p≤0.01), 0.990 y 0.981, respectivamente, entre los grupos II, III y IV. Conclusiones. Los perros infectados mostraron alteraciones significativas (p≤0.01) entre PLT y los valores del PCT, así como una correlación positiva entre esos dos parámetros (p≤0.01), mientras que las alteraciones de MPV y PDWc no fueron significativas. Se sugiere que de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, los valores de PLT y el PCT se pueden utilizar como parámetros valiosos para el diagnóstico y probablemente, para el monitoreo y el pronóstico en perros infectados con la Ehrlichiosis o la Anaplasmosis.

Etiologic Evaluation of 1012 Patients Admitted with Thrombocytopenia.

Introduction: Thrombocytopenia is the situation where the number of thrombocytes is less than 150.000/ μL. This may result due to decreased thrombocyte production, increase in the destruction of thrombocytes and differentiation in distribution of thrombocytes. Hereditary and acquired diseases both contribute to the condition, but the acquired reasons are more common in older patients. In this study we aimed to present the patients’ data with thrombocytopenia in the eastern Turkey and the underlying diseases that cause thrombocytopenia in order to contribute to literature. Material and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively aimed to evaluate the etiology of thrombocytopenia at 1012 patients who admitted to Inonu University Medical Faculty Turgut Ozal Medical Center Hematology outpatient clinic, hematology service, emergency department and the ones who were consulted from other departments in the hospital. We collected data of patients for whom we searched the aetiology of thrombocytopenia as Department of Hematology. Results: Total of 1012 patients, of whom 508 were female and 504 were male, were included to the study. The mean age was 51±20 years. The mean number of the thrombocytes was 64.28±43.05 /mL. The mean number of leucocytes was 13.89±32.71 /μL. The mean level of hemoglobin was 11.22±3.03 g/dL. Leukaemia, infections and the immune thrombocytopenias represented most of the cases, and the other reasons of thrombocytopenia were drugs, chronic liver diseases, megaloblastic anemias, pseudothrombocytopenia, thrombotic microangiopathies and other diseases. Conclusion: The reasons of thrombocytopenia may differ according to geographic distribution and step level of health centers. It’s an expected situation for thrombocytopenia reasons that the high rate of infections can be accused in developing countries and malignant diseases to be the first reason in developed countries.

To learn on the functional changes of thrombocyte condensation in the elders

A study on 55 healthy people who go for periodic consulting at friendship hospital were conducted from Dec 2002-to Dec 2003. They were divided into two groups: 1st group: 33 people > 60years old, 2nd group: 22 people from 45 to 60 years old. The result showed that the rate on sex is rather equivalent between two groups. There is no difference between two groups on the number of thrombocyte and thrombocyte condensation. The rate of thrombocyte condensation in group from 60 to <75 years old is higher than group from 45 to <60 years old with p<0.05. The rate of thrombocyte condensation in the group of 75 years or more is higher than group from 45 to <60 years old with p<0.05. The rate of thrombocyte condensation in the group of 75 years upward is higher than group 60 to <75, p<0.05. The rate of thrombocyte condensation has directly proportional relation to the age.

Value of tests of thrombocyte aggregation in some pathological conditions in the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion

The study was carried out in normal adults, normal old people and patients aimed to assess the role of thrombocytes in coagulation abnormalities in some diseases using the test of thrombocyte aggregation is reduced significantly in patients with mild burn and severe burn compared with the patients with mild burn. Thrombocyte aggregation is raised significantly in old people with hypertension compared with normal old people. Also, 12.5% patients with hypertension without complications have a raised thrombocyte aggregation.